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Edge IoT devices are increasingly targeted for on-
device intelligence using federated learning (FL). However,
conventional FL imposes heavy communication and energy
costs that make it impractical for battery-constrained,
bandwidth-limited deployments with heterogeneous (non-
IID) data. In this paper we present a practical,
communication-efficient FL framework that combines
update quantization with top-k sparsification and evaluates
its performance under realistic edge conditions. We
implement the framework in MATLAB and conduct an
extensive empirical study on EMNIST and a synthetic IoT
sensor dataset across varied Dirichlet non-IID severities,
client dropout rates, and multiple random seeds. Our
experiments show that combining low-bit quantization (4
bits) with sparsification (top 2–5%) yields orders-of-
magnitude reductions in transmitted bytes and energy while
maintaining high model fidelity: e.g., compared to
uncompressed FedAvg (baseline accuracy 84.90%) a 4-bit +
sparsity configuration reduces communication by up to
~97.7% and energy consumption by a similar factor, while
achieving ≈79.1% accuracy. We provide detailed
convergence analysis, statistical confidence intervals across
seeds, and an energy model translating bytes → Joules to
quantify device-level savings. Finally, we analyze failure
modes and robustness under extreme heterogeneity and
client dropout, and provide reproducible MATLAB code and
result artifacts. Our findings show that careful joint
compression enables practical FL deployments on edge IoT
devices without sacrificing scientifically meaningful
accuracy.
Keywords:
Federated Learning, Edge IoT, Communication Compression, Quantization, Sparsification, Non-IID Data
Cite Article:
"Hardware-Aware Federated Learning for Resource-Constrained IoT Devices", International Journal for Research Trends and Innovation (www.ijrti.org), ISSN:2456-3315, Vol.11, Issue 3, page no.b14-b22, March-2026, Available :http://www.ijrti.org/papers/IJRTI2603103.pdf
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ISSN:
2456-3315 | IMPACT FACTOR: 8.14 Calculated By Google Scholar| ESTD YEAR: 2016
An International Scholarly Open Access Journal, Peer-Reviewed, Refereed Journal Impact Factor 8.14 Calculate by Google Scholar and Semantic Scholar | AI-Powered Research Tool, Multidisciplinary, Monthly, Multilanguage Journal Indexing in All Major Database & Metadata, Citation Generator