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International Journal for Research Trends and Innovation
International Peer Reviewed & Refereed Journals, Open Access Journal
ISSN Approved Journal No: 2456-3315 | Impact factor: 8.14 | ESTD Year: 2016
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Issue: February 2026
Volume 11 | Issue 2
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Impact Factor : 8.14
Issue per Year : 12
Volume Published : 11
Issue Published : 117
Article Submitted : 21319
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Total Authors : 22301
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| Paper Title: | Biodiesel and Ternary Blends in Compression-Ignition (CI) Engines: A Comprehensive Review |
| Authors Name: | Rajinder Kumar , Dr. Basant Lal , Dr Sunil Mahla |
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IJRTI_209201
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| Published Paper Id: | IJRTI2601076 |
| Published In: | Volume 11 Issue 1, January-2026 |
| DOI: | |
| Abstract: | Abstract— The increasing energy demand, environmental concerns, and depletion of fossil fuel reserves have motivated extensive research on renewable and sustainable alternatives for compression-ignition (CI) engines. Biodiesel derived from renewable feedstocks and alcohol-based ternary blends have emerged as promising candidates to replace or partially substitute diesel fuel. Among alcohols, n-octanol has attracted significant attention due to its long carbon chain, high energy density, better miscibility, and favorable physicochemical properties compared to short-chain alcohols such as methanol or ethanol. This review consolidates findings from 50 experimental studies that investigated biodiesel, diesel, and n-octanol-based ternary blends in CI engines. The review emphasizes key performance parameters such as brake thermal efficiency (BTE), brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC), and engine power, as well as combustion behavior, emission characteristics, and sustainability implications. Comparative analysis reveals that ternary blends generally enhance combustion stability, reduce unburned hydrocarbons (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO), and can achieve lower smoke opacity, although nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions show variable trends. Identified research gaps include inadequate exploration of spray dynamics, particulate morphology, durability of engine components, and the integration of life-cycle assessments (LCA). Future research directions suggest the optimization of blend ratios, advanced injection strategies, and hybridization with after-treatment technologies. The review concludes that n-octanol-based ternary blends represent a viable pathway for cleaner and more efficient CI engine operation, aligning with global goals for sustainable transportation. |
| Keywords: | biodiesel, diesel, n-octanol, ternary blends, CI engine, performance, combustion, emissions, sustainability. |
| Cite Article: | "Biodiesel and Ternary Blends in Compression-Ignition (CI) Engines: A Comprehensive Review", International Journal for Research Trends and Innovation (www.ijrti.org), ISSN:2455-2631, Vol.11, Issue 1, page no.a525-a532, January-2026, Available :http://www.ijrti.org/papers/IJRTI2601076.pdf |
| Downloads: | 00096 |
| ISSN: |
2456-3315 | IMPACT FACTOR: 8.14 Calculated By Google Scholar| ESTD YEAR: 2016 An International Scholarly Open Access Journal, Peer-Reviewed, Refereed Journal Impact Factor 8.14 Calculate by Google Scholar and Semantic Scholar | AI-Powered Research Tool, Multidisciplinary, Monthly, Multilanguage Journal Indexing in All Major Database & Metadata, Citation Generator |
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Published Paper ID: IJRTI2601076
Registration ID:209201
Published In: Volume 11 Issue 1, January-2026
DOI (Digital Object Identifier):
Page No: a525-a532 Country: Karimpur (158), Nawanshahr,Shaheed Bhagat ,PB, India Research Area: Mechanical Engineering Publisher : IJ Publication Published Paper URL : https://www.ijrti.org/viewpaperforall?paper=IJRTI2601076 Published Paper PDF: https://www.ijrti.org/papers/IJRTI2601076 |
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ISSN: 2456-3315
Impact Factor: 8.14 and ISSN APPROVED,
Journal Starting Year (ESTD) : 2016
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