 |
International Journal for Research Trends and Innovation
International Peer Reviewed & Refereed Journals, Open Access Journal
ISSN Approved Journal No: 2456-3315 | Impact factor: 8.14 | ESTD Year: 2016
Scholarly open access journals, Peer-reviewed, and Refereed Journals, Impact factor 8.14 (Calculate by google scholar and Semantic Scholar | AI-Powered Research Tool) , Multidisciplinary, Monthly, Indexing in all major database & Metadata, Citation Generator, Digital Object Identifier(DOI)
|
Issue: December 2025
Volume 10 | Issue 12
Review Result and Publication of Paper within : 2-3 days
Click Here For more DetailsFor Authors
Forms / Download
Published Issue Details
Editorial Board
Other IMP Links
Facts & Figure
Impact Factor : 8.14
Issue per Year : 12
Volume Published : 10
Issue Published : 115
Article Submitted : 19455
Article Published : 8041
Total Authors : 21252
Total Reviewer : 769
Total Countries : 144
Indexing Partner
Licence
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License
|
Published Paper Details
|
|
| Paper Title: | Cryopreservation, IVF, and Surrogacy in India: A Critical Analysis of Medico-Legal and Ethical Challenges governed by the Assisted Reproductive Technology (Regulation) Act, 2021 and the Surrogacy (Regulation) Act, 2021 |
| Authors Name: | Juhi dubey , Dr. Vandana Singh |
| Download E-Certificate: | Download |
| Author Reg. ID: |
IJRTI_205697
|
| Published Paper Id: | IJRTI2508053 |
| Published In: | Volume 10 Issue 8, August-2025 |
| DOI: | |
| Abstract: | The rapid advancement of Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ARTs), including Cryopreservation, In-Vitro Fertilization (IVF), and Surrogacy, has reshaped the reproductive landscape in India. These technologies have enabled countless individuals and couples to overcome infertility and build families.Yet, the widespread increase in their use has also given rise to complex medico-legal and ethical dilemmas. In response, the Indian legislature introduced the regulation of Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART)Act, 2021 and the Surrogacy (Regulation) Act, 2021 to address growing concerns around medical safety, ethical exploitation, and legal ambiguity. This paper critically examines the legal framework governing ART and surrogacy in India post-2021. It analyses how these laws attempt to regulate clinics, ensure informed consent, protect donor and surrogate rights, and prevent commercial exploitation. The study also explores contentious issues such as the exclusion of LGBTQ+ individuals and single parents, lack of clarity on parentage and citizenship in surrogacy cases, and the ethical challenges surrounding embryo cryopreservation and reproductive autonomy. Through a comparative legal analysis with international practices and judicial precedents such as Baby Manji Yamada and Jan Balaz,The article maintains that even though the 2021 legislations provide much-needed oversight, they fall short in guaranteeing inclusive and rights-based reproductive justice. The research concludes by recommending reforms to make India’s ART and surrogacy regime more equitable, medically accountable, and ethically sound. |
| Keywords: | Cryopreservation, In-Vitro Fertilization (IVF), Surrogacy, ART Act 2021, Surrogacy Act 2021, Reproductive Rights, Medical Ethics, Legal Parenthood, Surrogacy Contracts, Embryo Freezing, LGBTQ+ Rights, India, Commercial Surrogacy, Bioethics, Constitutional Law, Medico-Legal Challenges. |
| Cite Article: | "Cryopreservation, IVF, and Surrogacy in India: A Critical Analysis of Medico-Legal and Ethical Challenges governed by the Assisted Reproductive Technology (Regulation) Act, 2021 and the Surrogacy (Regulation) Act, 2021", International Journal of Science & Engineering Development Research (www.ijrti.org), ISSN:2455-2631, Vol.10, Issue 8, page no.a431-a448, August-2025, Available :http://www.ijrti.org/papers/IJRTI2508053.pdf |
| Downloads: | 000773 |
| ISSN: |
2456-3315 | IMPACT FACTOR: 8.14 Calculated By Google Scholar| ESTD YEAR: 2016 An International Scholarly Open Access Journal, Peer-Reviewed, Refereed Journal Impact Factor 8.14 Calculate by Google Scholar and Semantic Scholar | AI-Powered Research Tool, Multidisciplinary, Monthly, Multilanguage Journal Indexing in All Major Database & Metadata, Citation Generator |
| Publication Details: |
Published Paper ID: IJRTI2508053
Registration ID:205697
Published In: Volume 10 Issue 8, August-2025
DOI (Digital Object Identifier):
Page No: a431-a448 Country: -, -, India Research Area: LAW Publisher : IJ Publication Published Paper URL : https://www.ijrti.org/viewpaperforall?paper=IJRTI2508053 Published Paper PDF: https://www.ijrti.org/papers/IJRTI2508053 |
| Share Article: | |
|
Click Here to Download This Article |
|
| Article Preview | |
|
|
|
Major Indexing from www.ijrti.org
| Google Scholar | ResearcherID Thomson Reuters | Mendeley : reference manager | Academia.edu |
| arXiv.org : cornell university library | Research Gate | CiteSeerX | DOAJ : Directory of Open Access Journals |
| DRJI | Index Copernicus International | Scribd | DocStoc |
ISSN Details
 |
 |
|
ISSN: 2456-3315
Impact Factor: 8.14 and ISSN APPROVED,
Journal Starting Year (ESTD) : 2016
DOI (A digital object identifier)
| Providing A digital object identifier by DOI.ONE How to Get DOI? |
Conference
Open Access License Policy
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License
Important Details
Join RMS/Earn 300
WhatsApp
Click Here
Click Here
Indexing Partner |
|||
| Copyright © 2025 - All Rights Reserved - IJRTI | |||