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Computer vision based age and gender prediction has become essential in fields
such as security, healthcare and social media analytics. This review examines
key studies (2016–2024) that employ deep and hybrid machine learning models
using facial and ocular data. The explored architectures include Convolutional
Neural Networks (CNNs), Residual Attention Networks (GRA_Net), CAFFE-
modified MobileNet V2 (CMNV2), Deep Class-Encoders, Deep Iris CNNs ,hybrid
CNN–SVM and IoT-based systems. Experimental results across major
datasets—Adience, FG-NET, UTKFace, AFAD, CASIA-WebFace and ND-
GFI—show gender classification accuracies ranging from 91% to 99.8%, with
Mean Abso-lute Error (MAE) for age estimation as low as 2.39 years. Eye-
focused CNNs achieved up to 98.8% accuracy, highlighting the potential of ocular
modalities. The paper synthesizes advances in network design, preprocessing and
hybrid integration while addressing persistent challenges, including dataset bias,
model interpretability and real-world deployment feasibility. Recent review
studies highlight hybrid learning challenges under occlusion and device
variability.
Keywords:
Age estimation · Gender prediction · Deep learning · Hybrid machine learning ·Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) · Residual networks · Attention mechanism · Internet of Things(IoT)· Biometrics
Cite Article:
"A Comprehensive Review of Deep and Hybrid Machine Learning Algorithms for Age and Gender Prediction", International Journal for Research Trends and Innovation (www.ijrti.org), ISSN:2456-3315, Vol.11, Issue 6, page no.b98-b106, June-2026, Available :http://www.ijrti.org/papers/IJRTI2606117.pdf
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2456-3315 | IMPACT FACTOR: 8.14 Calculated By Google Scholar| ESTD YEAR: 2016
An International Scholarly Open Access Journal, Peer-Reviewed, Refereed Journal Impact Factor 8.14 Calculate by Google Scholar and Semantic Scholar | AI-Powered Research Tool, Multidisciplinary, Monthly, Multilanguage Journal Indexing in All Major Database & Metadata, Citation Generator