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Artificial intelligence has moved from a laboratory technology to an operational layer of Indian business. Enterprises use AI in finance, health, logistics, e-commerce, customer service, compliance and public-facing platforms, yet India still lacks a single consolidated statute dedicated exclusively to AI. Instead, the present regulatory environment is distributed across constitutional principles, the Information Technology Act and subordinate rules, the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023, sectoral supervision and soft-law guidance on responsible AI. This paper examines how that fragmented but evolving framework affects business innovation and risk management in India. It argues that India has chosen a calibrated approach that prefers sector-specific governance and principle-based oversight over an omnibus AI law, at least for now.
The paper studies the legal and policy architecture relevant to AI deployment, including NITI Aayog’s responsible AI principles, MeitY’s 2024 advisory on generative AI and synthetic content, the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 and emerging compliance expectations for high-impact AI systems. It further evaluates how this framework influences innovation incentives, governance costs, accountability structures and enterprise risk allocation. The analysis concludes that India’s present model offers flexibility and room for experimentation, but it also creates legal uncertainty for firms because compliance duties must be assembled from multiple sources rather than derived from a single comprehensive code.
The paper proposes a business-oriented regulatory strategy for India built on risk-tiering, sectoral coordination, documentation duties, algorithmic impact assessments, human oversight in consequential decisions and stronger clarity on synthetic media, intellectual property and cross-border governance. Such a framework would preserve India’s innovation ambitions while reducing uncertainty for enterprises and improving public trust in AI systems.
Keywords:
Artificial Intelligence, Regulatory framework, Business management, Digital personal data, NITI Aayog
Cite Article:
"Regulation of Artificial Intelligence in India: Implications for Business Innovation and Risk Management", International Journal for Research Trends and Innovation (www.ijrti.org), ISSN:2456-3315, Vol.11, Issue 5, page no.b366-b381, May-2026, Available :http://www.ijrti.org/papers/IJRTI2605145.pdf
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2456-3315 | IMPACT FACTOR: 8.14 Calculated By Google Scholar| ESTD YEAR: 2016
An International Scholarly Open Access Journal, Peer-Reviewed, Refereed Journal Impact Factor 8.14 Calculate by Google Scholar and Semantic Scholar | AI-Powered Research Tool, Multidisciplinary, Monthly, Multilanguage Journal Indexing in All Major Database & Metadata, Citation Generator