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This paper explores the legal and constitutional dimensions of caste-based affirmative action in India, highlighting the historical necessity, structural design, and evolving application of key constitutional provisions. Anchored in the principles of equality and social justice, the Indian Constitution lays a robust foundation to address systemic caste-based discrimination through Articles 15, 16, 17, and 46. The study delves into the balance between formal equality and substantive justice, with particular focus on the legal mechanisms that permit reservations in education and public employment for Scheduled Castes (SCs), Scheduled Tribes (STs), and Other Backward Classes (OBCs). Article 17’s abolition of untouchability and the legal reinforcement through the Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955, reflect a constitutional commitment to dismantling historical oppression. Further, the directive under Article 46 serves as a moral compass for state policy in promoting educational and economic advancement of marginalized communities. While the constitutional provisions provide a strong legal framework, their practical implementation continues to face social resistance, especially in rural India. This paper argues that while legal reforms are indispensable, they must be complemented by persistent social and political efforts to uproot caste-based inequities and achieve genuine equality.
Keywords:
Caste-based Discrimination, Affirmative Action, Indian Constitution, Article 15, Article 16, Social Justice, Reservation Policy, Scheduled Castes and Tribes
Cite Article:
"Legal and Constitutional Dimensions of Caste-Based Affirmative Measures in India", International Journal for Research Trends and Innovation (www.ijrti.org), ISSN:2455-2631, Vol.10, Issue 5, page no.c429-c439, May-2025, Available :http://www.ijrti.org/papers/IJRTI2505250.pdf
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ISSN:
2456-3315 | IMPACT FACTOR: 8.14 Calculated By Google Scholar| ESTD YEAR: 2016
An International Scholarly Open Access Journal, Peer-Reviewed, Refereed Journal Impact Factor 8.14 Calculate by Google Scholar and Semantic Scholar | AI-Powered Research Tool, Multidisciplinary, Monthly, Multilanguage Journal Indexing in All Major Database & Metadata, Citation Generator