ISSN2456-3315
Impact Factor10.57
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ESTD2016
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Paper Title
HALITOSIS - ETIOLOGICAL FACTORS
Authors
WASEEM AHMAD SHAH , FOUZIA NAZIR
Keywords
halitosis, diagnosis,therapy, psychophysiologic disorders, management
Abstract
Halitosis, bad breath or oral malodour are all synonyms for the same pathology. Halitosis has a large social and economic impact. It is very common in general population and nearly more than 50% of the general population have halitosis. However, only a few patients visit clinicians to seek help for halitosis. Halitosis is formed by volatile molecules which are caused because of pathological or nonpathological reasons, and it originates from an oral or a non-oral source. This is a prospective clinical study done ingovernorate in the period between August 2015 to July 2018. One hundred fifty six patients complaining of halitosis which smelled and analyzed by the clinician (objective and subjective).In all the patients history, examination and if needed, investigation were performed for establishing the diagnosis.Out of total, 88 were male and 68 were female and it is found that the majority of causes of halitosis are extra oral (108 patients -equal to 64%), the remaining patients (48) had oral causes (36%).
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IJRTI — journal style
"HALITOSIS - ETIOLOGICAL FACTORS", IJRTI - International Journal for Research Trends and Innovation (www.ijrti.org), ISSN:2456-3315, Vol.4, Issue 4, page no.35 - 38, April-2019, Available :https://ijrti.org/papers/IJRTI1904009.pdf
APA — 7th edition
SHAH, W. A., & NAZIR, F. (2019). HALITOSIS - ETIOLOGICAL FACTORS. International Journal for Research Trends and Innovation, 4(4), 35 - 38. https://ijrti.org/viewpaperforall.php?paper=IJRTI1904009
MLA — 9th edition
SHAH, WASEEM AHMAD, and FOUZIA NAZIR. "HALITOSIS - ETIOLOGICAL FACTORS." International Journal for Research Trends and Innovation, vol. 4, no. 4, 2019, pp. 35 - 38, https://ijrti.org/viewpaperforall.php?paper=IJRTI1904009.
Chicago — 17th, bibliography
SHAH, WASEEM AHMAD, and FOUZIA NAZIR. "HALITOSIS - ETIOLOGICAL FACTORS." International Journal for Research Trends and Innovation 4, no. 4 (2019): 35 - 38. https://ijrti.org/viewpaperforall.php?paper=IJRTI1904009.
Harvard — author–date
SHAH, W.A. and NAZIR, F. (2019) 'HALITOSIS - ETIOLOGICAL FACTORS', International Journal for Research Trends and Innovation, 4(4), pp. 35 - 38. Available at: https://ijrti.org/viewpaperforall.php?paper=IJRTI1904009
IEEE — numbered reference
W. A. SHAH and F. NAZIR, "HALITOSIS - ETIOLOGICAL FACTORS," IJRTI, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 35 - 38, Apr. 2019.
Vancouver — biomedical
SHAH WA, NAZIR F. HALITOSIS - ETIOLOGICAL FACTORS. IJRTI. 2019 Apr;4(4):35 - 38.
AMA — 11th edition
SHAH WA, NAZIR F. HALITOSIS - ETIOLOGICAL FACTORS. IJRTI. 2019;4(4):35 - 38. Accessed at https://ijrti.org/viewpaperforall.php?paper=IJRTI1904009
BibTeX — Zotero, Mendeley, LaTeX
@article{IJRTI1904009,
author = {WASEEM AHMAD SHAH and FOUZIA NAZIR},
title = {HALITOSIS - ETIOLOGICAL FACTORS},
journal = {International Journal for Research Trends and Innovation},
volume = {4},
number = {4},
pages = {35 - 38},
year = {2019},
month = {April},
issn = {2456-3315},
url = {https://ijrti.org/viewpaperforall.php?paper=IJRTI1904009}
}
RIS — EndNote, RefWorks
TY - JOUR
AU - SHAH, WASEEM AHMAD
AU - NAZIR, FOUZIA
TI - HALITOSIS - ETIOLOGICAL FACTORS
T2 - International Journal for Research Trends and Innovation
JA - IJRTI
VL - 4
IS - 4
PY - 2019
SN - 2456-3315
UR - https://ijrti.org/viewpaperforall.php?paper=IJRTI1904009
SP - 35
EP - 38
ER -
Issue
Volume 4 Issue 4,
April-2019
Pages : 35 - 38
Other Publication Details
Paper Reg. ID
IJRTI_180787
Published Paper ID
IJRTI1904009
Downloads
205,663
Research Area
Engineering
Country
-, -, -
Published
April 2019
Published Paper PDF
https://ijrti.org/papers/IJRTI1904009.pdf
Published Paper URL
https://ijrti.org/viewpaperforall.php?paper=IJRTI1904009
About Publisher
International Journal for Research Trends and Innovation
Published by IJRTI (JW Publication)
2456-3315
ISSN
10.57
Impact Factor
2016
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Open
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Declarations
Funding
No external funding was received for this study.
Conflict of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank the reviewers and the editorial board of International Journal for Research Trends and Innovation for their careful reading and constructive comments, and all colleagues who supported the preparation of this manuscript.
